First Book of Sanskrit - Lesson I - 03

Exercise Page 5 - Solutions

वदामि vadAmi - (I) speak
रक्षसि raxasi - (You) protect
पतति patati - (It) falls
बोधसि bodhasi - (You) understand
सरसि sarasi - (You) move
नयामि nayAmi - (I) lead
वससि vasasi - (You) dwell
सरामि sarAmi - (I) move
गच्छति gachChati - (He) goes
अद्ति adti - (He) eats
नयति nayati - (He) leads
बोधामि bodhAmi - (I) understand
भवति bhavati - (He/ She/ It) is
अत्ति atti - (He) eats
अस्ति asti - is

First Book of Sanskrit - Lesson I - 02

i. In the first conjugation अ is added to the root
ii. Prior to that the final vowel and the penultimate short of roots take their गुण (guNa) substitute

The गुण (guNa) function is defined as follows:

guNa [इ, ई ] --> ए
guNa [उ,ऊ ] --> ओ
guNa [ऋ, ॠ ] --> अर्
guNa [ऌ ] --> अल्

Example
first conjugation[ भू ] => भ् + guNa[ऊ] + अ = भ् + ओ + अ = भव्

First Book of Sanskrit - Lesson I - 01

Parasmaipada - Present Tense - Singular Termination

Roots of the First Conjugation
गम् गच्छ् - gam gachCh - to go
नी नय् - nI nay - to lead, to carry
पत् - pat - to fall
बुध् बोध् - budh bodh - to know, to understand
भू भव् - bhU bhav - to be, to become
रक्ष् - rax - to protect
वद् - vad - to speak
वस् - vas - to reside
सृ सर् - sRRi sar - to move

Vedic - 003 - Common Roots

Some commonly found verb roots are:

प्रछ्
प्रछ् / praCh - To ask, question, interrogate, invoke
पृच्छति - Asks/ asking (3rd Person, active voice)
पृष्ट - Asked/ invoked/ interrogated

Note: पृष्टस् --> पृष्टः --> पृष्टो / pRRiShTas --> pRRiShTaH --> pRRiShTo

विश्
विश् / vish - to enter, go into
आ विवेश - has entered

सच्
सच् /sach - to be associated or united with / to accompany
सचन्ताम् / sachantAm - 3rd person middle imperative - may they attend

मंह्
मंह् / maMh - to give/ grant/ bestow / effect. bring about
मामहन्ताम् / mAmahantAm - 3rd person middle imperative - may they effect / facilitate

Vedic - 002 - Personal Pronoun

1st Person

Nom: अहम् - I / वयम् - We
RV 4.42.2: अहं राजा वरुणः --> ahaM rAjA varuNaH --> I am King Varuna
RV 7.41.4: वयं देवानां सुमतौ स्याम --> vayaM devAnAM sumatau syAma --> we/ of Gods/ in favor/ may be -> May we be in the favor of the Gods

Acc: माम्, मा - me/ अस्मान्, नस् - Us
Inst: मया - by me/ अस्माभिस् - by us

Dat: मह्य, मह्यम्, मे - to, for me/ अस्माभ्यम्, अस्मे, नस् - to, for us
RV 1.24.12: तद् इन् नक्तं तद् दिवा मह्यम् आहुः -- tad in naktaM tad divA mahyam AhuH -- that / by night/ that / by day/ to me / - That indeed they have said to me by night/ that by day

नक्त - Night / नक्तम् - By Night
Abl: मत् - from me / अस्मत् - from us
Gen: मम, मे - mine / अस्माकम्, नस् - ours
Loc: मयि - in me/ अस्मासु, अस्मे - in us

2nd Person:
Nom: त्वम् - You / यूयम् - You all
RV 1.63.3: त्वं सत्य इन्द्र - tvaM satya indra - You O Indra, are true

Acc: त्वाम्, त्वा / युष्मान्, वस्
RV 8.92.27: त्वां नक्षन्त नो गिरः - tvAM nakShanta no giraH - You / reach/ our/ song
नस् --> नो
गिर् - Speech, voice, song
नक्ष् - To come near, approach, reach

Ins: त्वया - By you / युष्माभिस् - By you all
Dat: तुभ्य, तुभ्यम्, ते - To or for you / युष्मभ्यम्, वस् - To or for you all
RV 9.86.30: तुभ्येमा विश्व भुवनानि येमिरे - tubhyemA vishva bhuvanAni yemir - For you/ all/ beings/ stretch out

Abl: तत् - From you/ युष्मत् - From you all
Gen: (Your) तव, ते / युष्माकम्, वस्
Loc: त्वे - In you/ युष्मे - In you all

(WIP)

Vedic - 001 - The Root अस्

अस् - as - to be

Present Indicative
3rd Person: अस्ति स्तस् सन्ति
2nd Person: असि स्थस् स्थ
1st Person: अस्मि स्वस् स्मसि

Optative
1st person: स्याम् - May I ... स्याम - May we all

Imperative
3rd Person: अस्तु - May it be सन्तु - May it all be

RV 10.40.6
युवं कवी स्थः -> yuvaM kavI sthaH -> You two / sages/ are -> You two are sages.

RV 1.98.3
तव तत् सत्यम् अस्तु -> tava tat satyam astu -> of you/ it/ true/ may (it) be -> May it be true of you

Source: http://www.utexas.edu/cola/centers/lrc/general/facultyhomes/karen.html

अव्

अव् - av - favor
to drive , impel , animate (as a car)
Ved. to promote , favour , (chiefly Ved.) to satisfy , refresh
(said of the gods) to be pleased with , like , accept favorably (as sacrifices , prayers or hymns)

Present
अवति

Perfect
आविथ

Aorist
अवित्